MARRIAGE EQUALITY

The Supremes’ Greatest Hits: 5 Supreme Court Cases That Rocked The Gay World

The Supreme Court 2011

In March, the Supreme Court is set to hear two marriage-equality cases—Hollingsworth v. Perry and Edie Windsor v. U.S. We don’t know how the Gang on Nine will rule, so we decided to pull up some case histories and see how the Court has addressed the LGBT community to date.

Looking at this list, it does seem as if SCOTUS is evolving toward equality—but, then again, they’ve never directly weighed in on same-sex marriage.

 

one-incOne, Inc. v. Olesen
Year: 1958
Subject: obscenity
laws

When members of the Mattachine Society tried to ship issues of One: The Homosexual Magazine, the FBI and U.S. Post Office declared it obscene—and, therefore, unmailable—even though the magazine didn’t include any erotic imagery or photos.

One‘s publishers sued, but lost their case and a subsequent appeal. Finally, the case made it to the Supreme Court, which reversed the earlier courts’ decision, marking the first time the Court explicitly ruled on free-press rights regarding homosexuality.

Though considered an outspoken supporter of progressive causes like reproductive rights, Justice William Joseph Brennan held the dissenting opinion.

 

bowers hardwickBowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Year: 1986

Subject: right to privacy, sodomy laws

Upholding a Georgia state law, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that consenting adults do not have a constitutional right to private homosexual acts. The majority opinion, written by Justice Byron White, argued that the right to privacy only protected sexual acts between married couples and that there was no connection “between family, marriage, or procreation on the one hand and homosexual activity on the other.”

The case involved Michael Hardwick, a gay bartender with an outstanding warrant for public drinking. When the police came to his home unannounced, they found him, um, making a male friend very happy.

He was then charged under Georgia’s archaic sodomy statute.

Chief Justice Warren E. Burger cited longstanding religious and social taboos against homosexuality, including 17th-century jurist William Blackstone’s description of gay sex as an “infamous crime against nature.”  Burger also stated that “to hold that the act of homosexual sodomy is somehow protected as a fundamental right would be to cast aside millennia of moral teaching. ”

In his dissenting opinion, Justice Harry Blackmun accused the Court of an “almost obsessive focus on homosexual activity” and argued just because “certain, but by no means all, religious groups condemn the behavior at issue gives the State no license to impose their judgments on the entire citizenry.”

We liked Justice Blackmun.


colorado amendment 2Romer v. Evans
Year: 1996

Subject: anti-discrimination laws

In 1992, Colorado voters passed Amendment 2, which prevented any city, county or town from recognizing gays and lesbians as a protected class. Opponents claimed such a measure was unconstitutional and the ensuing lawsuit made its way to the Supreme Court, which struck down the amendment in a 6–3 decision.

In his majority opinion, Justice Anthony Kennedy explained that anti-discrimination laws weren’t a “special right”—they simply enumerated the protections already enjoyed by all other citizens.

“The amendment imposes a special disability upon those persons alone. Homosexuals are forbidden the safeguards that others enjoy or may seek without constraint…
Its sheer breadth is so discontinuous with the reasons offered for it that the amendment seems inexplicable by anything but animus toward the class that it affects; it lacks a rational relationship to legitimate state interests.

Our good friend Antonin Scalia wrote the dissent, and was joined by Clarence Thomas and Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist. In Scalia’s opinion, Amendment 2 was “a modest attempt by seemingly tolerant Coloradans to preserve traditional sexual mores against the efforts of a politically powerful minority to revise those mores through use of the laws.”

Exactly how powerful Colorado’s LGBT community was in 1996 is open to debate.

 

Boy Scouts of America v Dale
Year: 2000

Subject: Boy Scouts of America, discrimination laws
James-Dale

Assistant Scoutmaster James Dale was booted from the Boy Scouts of America after revealing he was gay—and took them to court.

In another setback to the gay-rights movement, the Court ruled 5-to-4 that the Scouts have a right to their bigotry because the organization’s opposition to homosexuality was part of its “expressive message.”

Justice Rehnquist’s majority opinion stated that the Constitution’s guarantee of freedom to association allows a private group like the Boy Scouts to be as prejudiced as they want, when “the presence of that person affects, in a significant way, the group’s ability to advocate public or private viewpoints.”

So the KKK will never have to accept black people as part of an affirmative-action suit. That’s a relief!

Justice John Paul Stevens wrote the dissent—joined by Justices Breyer, Ginsburg, and Souter—in which he lamented that “ancient” prejudices against gays and lesbians would be nurtured by the “creation of a constitutional shield.”

 

Lawrence-v-TexasLawrence v. Texas
Year: 2003

Subject: right to privacy, sodomy laws

This was the big one: Just 14 years after Bower v. Hardwick, The Court did an about-face and overturned it, declaring a Texas sodomy law unconstitutional.

Justice Kennedy wrote in the majority opinion: “The state cannot demean their existence or control their destiny by making their private sexual conduct a crime.”

The whole case was a joke to begin with, honestly: Police had answered a 911 call claiming a black man with a gun was going wild in a Houston apartment building. But though John Geddes Lawrence and Tyron Garner were arrested for  “deviate sexual intercourse,” the arresting officers couldn’t agree on what they saw: One cop said he witnessed oral sex, another anal, and two others said they didn’t see any sex at all. Lawrence and Garner had to endure public embarrassment, but at least a greater justice was served.

In a dissent that earned the enmity of the entire LGBT community, Justice Scalia chided his fellow jurists as having “largely signed on to the so-called homosexual agenda.”

Ugh, it’s gonna be a long wait till March.

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